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:''Main article: Military history of ancient Rome'' The principate of the Roman empire had no use for the republican army with its intense loyalties to competing generals. Beginning with the first emperor, Octavius Caesar, the princeps totally replaced the citizen army with an apparatus of professionals dedicated to carrying out the emperor's will in peace, disaster or war. The emperor commanded this apparatus himself, assisted and advised by a quasi-secret intelligence service. This article describes the Military establishment of the Roman Empire maintained by the emperors on behalf of the Roman state. ==Augustan reforms== Augustus created a standing army, made up of 28 legions, each one consisting of roughly 6000 men. Additional to these forces there was a similar number of auxiliary troops. Augustus also reformed the length of time a soldier served, increasing it from six to twenty years (16 years full service, 4 years on lighter duties). The standard of a legion, the aquila (eagle) was the very symbol of the unit's honour. The aquilifer was the man who carried the standard, he was almost as high in rank as a centurion. It was this elevated and honourable position which also made him the soldiers' treasurer in charge of the pay chest. A legion on the march relied completely on its own resources for weeks. In addition to his weapons and armour, each man carried a marching pack that included a cooking pot, some rations, clothes and any personal possessions. Furthermore, to make camp each night every man carried tools for digging as well as two stakes for a palisade. Weighed down by such burdens it is little wonder that the soldiers were nicknamed 'Marius' Mules'. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Military establishment of the Roman Empire」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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